1. 16
  2. Agriculture

Agriculture

Agroecology

Updated on 13/10/2021
Définition
Sens commun

Concept utilisé en agriculture et en agronomie. L’agroécologie renvoie à la fois à une discipline scientifique, à un mouvement social et à des pratiques agricoles. Elle tire ses racines de l’écologie et des sciences sociales. Elle considère les écosystèmes et vise à les imiter (biomimétisme) pour parvenir à un modèle de production économe en énergie, respectueux de l’environnement et compétitif.

Source
d'après Ministère de l'agriculture, et la Cité de l'agriculture

Mesures naturelles de rétention d’eau (MNRE)

Updated on 07/02/2022
Définition
Sens technique

Actions qui visent à ralentir l’écoulement de l’eau de surface et à favoriser son infiltration, à l’échelle du bassin versant, en s’appuyant sur les capacités naturelles des sols et des écosystèmes. Les MNRE sont des mesures mises en œuvre dans l’objectif d’augmenter la rétention d’eau dans le bassin versant, en améliorant ou en restaurant la capacité de rétention d’eau des écosystèmes aquatiques, des sols et du sous-sol. Les mesures sont mobilisables de manière combinée dans un bassin versant, et peuvent contribuer simultanément à de nombreux objectifs : Prévenir les risques d’inondation ; Réduire les déficits quantitatifs ; Contribuer à améliorer la qualité des eaux ; Restaurer des habitats aquatiques et humides ; Modifier les pratiques agricoles et sylvicoles. Elles constituent pour un certain nombre d'entre elles des solutions fondées sur la nature (SfN).

Source
d'après OFB, OIEau

Non-point source pollution

Updated on 26/10/2022
Définition
Sens commun
As opposed to "point source pollution", it is a pollution whose origins are usually known but for which it is impossible to geographically locate the discharges into the aquatic environments and aquifer systems. Agricultural practices on farmlands can be the source of "diffuse" pollution by draining pollutants into percolating or running waters.
Source
According to the Ministry for the Environment and OFB

Soil drought

Updated on 18/03/2020
Définition
Sens commun

A type of drought characterized by a water deficit in the surface soils (between 1 and 2 m deep), sufficient to alter the good development of vegetation.

Source
according to Météo France

Micro-irrigation

Updated on 04/12/2018
Définition
Sens commun
A kind of irrigation in which water is supplied under low pressure near the foot of plants, using pipes pierced with small holes.
Source
according to the Larousse dictionary

Fertilisation

Updated on 26/10/2022
Définition
Sens commun
Input of matters (fertiliser) to maintain or increase the fertility of a soil.
Source
according to OFB
Sens technique
All techniques concerning the input of matters intended to maintain or increase the fertility of a soil. One usually distinguishes soil additives, basic and organic minerals, which affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, from fertilisers, which are used to improve the nutrition of crops and contain major (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), secondary (sulphur, magnesium, calcium and sodium) and minor nutrients (micro or trace elements).
Source
according to Encyclopaedia universalis

Farm

Updated on 07/03/2019
Définition
Sens commun

Place where an agricultural activity occurs (livestock or crops).

Source
according to IOWater
Sens technique

Economic and production unit that simultaneously meets three conditions: the unit has an agricultural activity, reaches or exceeds a certain dimension (surface area, number of animals, production...) and is under day-to-day and independent management.

Source
according to the Ministry of Agriculture
Sens réglementaire

According to European Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 concerning integrated statistics on agricultural holdings, an agricultural holding is an individual unit, from a technical and economic point of view, which has a management and carrying out economic activities in the field of agriculture, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006, falling within groups A.01.1, A.01.2, A.01.3, A.01.4, A.01.5 or the "maintenance of agricultural land under good agricultural and environmental conditions" of group A.01.6 on the economic territory of the Union, as a primary or secondary activity. For activities in class A.01.49, only the following activities are included: "breeding of semi-domestic animals or other live animals" (except for the breeding of insects) and "beekeeping and production of honey and beeswax."

Source
according to the European Parliament

Eau blanche – milky water

Updated on 04/12/2018
Définition
Sens commun
Wastewater produced during the manufacture of paper or water from the cleaning of premises and equipment of milking parlours, dairies or cheese factories.
Source
according to the Ministry of Agriculture and IOWater

Weed control

Updated on 04/12/2018
Définition
Sens commun
Use of mechanical means (tillage, hoeing, weeding) or chemical treatments (weed killers) to eliminate unwanted plant species.
Source
according to the Larousse dictionary and IOWater

Irrigation

Updated on 04/12/2018
Définition
Sens commun
Spreading water on crops to promote and accelerate growth. Irrigation relies on the use of water pumped from the soil or from a watercourse, or even from bodies of water created for this purpose.
Source
according to the Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation of 2017