Drinking water and sanitation

Action to remove nitrates by filtration through an ion exchange resin.

Action to remove minerals and salts from water to produce demineralised water.

Removal of the surplus of fluorine from water, to reach a concentration that does not expose anyone to dental or bone health risks.

Action to remove iron or its derivatives from a liquid.

Removal of some calcium and magnesium from water to achieve a compromise between the proper mineral balance of water and the optimum level of hardness.

Separation of active sludge and treated water obtained by sedimentation in a clarifier or secondary clarifier. Good settleability of the sludge is essential for the process to be efficient and reliable.

All water exchanges and transformations in the various components of the environment. The big water cycle (or natural cycle) describes the exchanges in the whole ecosystem, the small water cycle (or anthropogenic cycle), describes the circulation of water in a man-made network.

Multi-year contract signed by various stakeholders (a municipality, a wastewater treatment syndicate, a water agency, etc.) to specify the nature, cost and duration of the planned sanitation work to meet essential technical and financial development in the long term.

Change of the characteristics of sewage sludge by physical or chemical processes to facilitate the separation of solids and liquids.

An area receiving, through a network of buried pipes, the clarified waters coming out of an all-water pit and having enabling conditions for the purification and drainage of the treated wastewater towards the deeper layers of the subsoil.