Public policy | Glossaire eau, milieu marin et biodiversité

Integrated Maritime Policy (PMI)

Sens réglementaire

Politique de l’Union dont l’objectif est de favoriser une prise de décision coordonnée et cohérente pour optimiser le développement durable, la croissance économique et la cohésion sociale des États membres, notamment des régions côtières, insulaires et ultrapériphériques de l’Union, ainsi que des secteurs maritimes, grâce à des politiques cohérentes dans le domaine maritime et à la coopération internationale en la matière. (cf. Directive cadre pour la planification de l'espace maritime -DCPEM)

Source

d'après Eur-lex

Directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (DCPEM)

Sens réglementaire

Directive établissant un cadre pour la planification de l’espace maritime dans le but de promouvoir la croissance durable des économies maritimes, le développement durable des espaces maritimes et l’utilisation durable des ressources marines.(JOUE n° L 257 du 28 août 2014).

Au sein de la politique maritime intégrée de l’Union, ce cadre prévoit l’établissement et la mise en œuvre par les Etats membres de la planification de l’espace maritime dans le but de contribuer aux objectifs décrits à l’article 5, en tenant compte des interactions terre-mer et d’une coopération transfrontière améliorée, conformément aux dispositions pertinentes de la CNUDM (Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer).

Source

d'après Eur-lex et Ineris

Nature based Solutions (NbS)

Sens commun

Les Solutions fondées sur la Nature (SfN) sont les actions qui s’appuient sur les écosystèmes afin de relever les défis globaux comme la lutte contre les changements climatiques, la gestion des risques naturels (inondations, sécheresse, submersion marine), la santé, l’accès à l’eau, la sécurité alimentaire…

Les SfN visent à protéger, restaurer et gérer de manière durable les écosystèmes : la préservation des forêts, les rivières en bon état, la restauration et le fonctionnement des zones humides, tout concourt à agir au plus près du terrain (actions locales pour un objectif global). Il est impératif que la société adopte une combinaison de solutions inspirées par la nature, dérivées de la nature et fondées sur la nature : Il s'agit bien d'intérêt mutuel. La nature y gagne, et les territoires qui prennent ainsi soin des cycles naturels, du bon état des milieux ont aussi tout à y gagner.

En effet, des écosystèmes sains, résilients, fonctionnels et diversifiés fournissent de nombreux services écosystémiques et permettent donc le développement de solutions au bénéfice de nos sociétés et de la biodiversité, dans le cadre des changements globaux.

Source

d'après UICN, FNE

Flood warning

Sens commun

Warning issued in advance by the departmental flood forecasting services. In the event of heavy rainfall or hydrological alert, a flood warning is sent to the Prefect, who then alerts the mayors of the catchment areas concerned.

Source

according to OFB

Sens technique

Warning issued in advance by a special state service (flood forecasting service). In the event of a rainfall or hydrological alert (triggering when thresholds are exceeded), the flood forecasting service offers the Prefect the alert of the mayors of the watersheds concerned. As a severe overflow flood, the flood warning service broadcasts, for prefects and mayors, hydrological situation bulletins and information on the evolution of water levels . In 1994, 54 flood warning services monitored 16,000 km of waterways in France using automated measurement networks.

Source

According to Ministry of the Environment and OFB

Electric fishing

Sens commun

Method used to evaluate the abundance of fish species in a portion of a stream and to precise the different populations. It consists in the creation of an electric current which attracts fish. Then, paralyzed by electricity, they rise to the surface, which helps their identification and counts. After a little while, fish are free to circulate in the stream again.

Source

According to Wikipedia et Val-de-Meurthe municipality communities

Marine Environment Action Plan (PAMM)

Sens technique

Planning document aiming to achieve the good ecological status of marine waters, adopted under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Each PAMM focuses on a marine sub region, a sea space that is homogeneous in terms of ecological functioning. It consists of five elements, reviewed every six years: initial assessment of the status of the marine sub-region, definition of the good ecological status to be achieved, environmental objectives to achieve good ecological status, monitoring programme for assessing the status of marine waters, a programme of measures including the actions to be implemented to meet the environmental objectives and thus achieve good ecological status. Adopted by the Coordinating Prefects of the Marine Sub-Regions, the PAMMs, during their implementation process, organise a consultation with the stakeholders of the maritime and coastal world, through the maritime councils of the sub-regions (CMF), as well as a public consultation. In metropolitan France, four sub-regions are covered by a PAMM: the Channel-North Sea, Celtic Seas, Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean Sea.

Source

according to the Ministry of the Environment and IOWater

Water Law of 16 December 1964

Sens réglementaire

It aims to cope with the evolution of demography, industrial development and the growing pollution problems they generate, the first law enabling institutional, financial and technical conditions for global and decentralised water resources management. It thus establishes a management logic according to major river basins (and not according to an administrative logic); sets up, in each basin, a basin committee in charge of drafting the water management policy, and a water agency (or financial basin agency), in charge of implementing this policy; and establishes a National Water Committee (NWC), an advisory body for the Prime Minister. The law of 16 December 1964 imposes, with its goal of pollution control, the making of a national inventory to establish the degree of pollution (INP) of surface water and the definition of objectives for quality improvement. It has been repealed for codification in the environment code.

Source

according to OFB

Physico-chemical

Sens commun

Physical and chemical characteristics of water. Inside a water analysis, the observed parameters are quite numerous, and all of these allow to determine the physical-chemical water quality, which determines the maintenance of river biodiversity. These parameters could be for example, temperature, turbidity, concentration of organic matter, mineral, nitrogen, etc.

Source

according to the Ministry of Environment

Organic micropollutant

Sens commun

Organic active ingredient, usually synthesized by the chemical industry, whose accumulation, even at low concentrations, can be toxic. The main organic micropollutants controlled are volatile organic compounds (VOC), hydrocarbons, andpolychlorinated biphenyl(PCB).

Source

According to Seine-Normandie Water Agency

Mineral micropollutant

Sens commun

Mineral active product, mainly metals or metalloids, whose accumulation, even at low concentrations, affects the environment and organisms. The main mineral micro pollutants controlled (from both natural and anthropical occurrence) are cadmium, mercury, copper, chromium, zinc, nickel, lead, etc.

Source

According to Seine-Normandie Water Agency